Technology
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Emerging Lessons of Public Funders in Branchless Banking
July 25, 2011
This paper highlights emerging lessons from the public funders that have been engaged in branchless banking. The goal is to help other funders consider the role they might play in this area. Branchless banking offers the potential to fundamentally transform the way low-income clients can access financial services.
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Regulating Banking Agents
March 21, 2011
This Focus Note reviews global regulation of the use of agents by banks (and where noted, nonbank service providers) and focuses on four questions related to the safe and scalable use of agents.
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Nonbank E-Money Issuers
July 30, 2010
The success of Kenya’s M-PESA has raised the question of how most effectively to regulate nonbanks who contract directly with customers to issue electronic value against receipt of equal funds.
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Microfinance and Mobile Banking
July 19, 2010
This Focus Note explores the various roles that MFIs can play in m-banking and the potential benefits MFIs and their customers expect to gain from pursuing m-banking.
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Banking the Poor via G2P Payments
December 21, 2009
In this Focus Note, we look at government-to-person (G2P) payments, which have the potential to become a vehicle for extending financial inclusion and improving the welfare of poor people.
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Mobile Money in the Philippines
December 18, 2009
This Brief, a joint effort of CGAP and the GSM Association, discusses the results of the first study on mobile money and the unbanked—those without access to formal financial services—estimated to be almost 4 billion worldwide.
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Scenarios for Branchless Banking in 2020
November 3, 2009
This Focus Note discusses the 2009 CGAP and DFID scenario-building project on using branchless banking to reach the unserved majority by 2020.
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Poor People Using Mobile Financial Services
August 4, 2009
Insights into how poor people use M-PESA, its impact on their lives, and some unexpected consequences.
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Stability of Small Balance Deposits
June 10, 2009
Small balance demand deposits from poor clients are viewed as a particularly volatile class of funding. This is one reason some MFIs are concerned about using deposits to fund their lending operations.
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The Role of Mobile Operators in Expanding Access to Finance
May 12, 2009
The fact that mobile phones can be used as transactional devices doesn’t necessarily mean that the mobile operator needs to “own” the financial services.
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Going Cashless at the Point of Sale
December 19, 2008
Storing and sending value electronically is something many people living in developed countries take for granted because making electronic transactions are part of everyday life.
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Realizing the Potential of Branchless Banking
October 20, 2008
Should we start conceiving of retail payment networks as a utility much as we think of access to water, electricity, or phones?
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Banking on Mobiles: Why, How, for Whom?
July 9, 2008
This Focus Note examines how banks can translate the potential of mobile phones into greater financial access for poor people.
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Banking Through Networks of Retail Agents
May 1, 2008
This Focus Note looks at banking through networks of retail agents. It addresses the idea that, to achieve universal access, banks will need to adapt their systems to a low-value, high-volume transactional environment and to build more flexible, scalable retail networks of points of service.
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Being Able to Make (Small) Deposits and Payments, Anywhere
April 1, 2008
This Focus Note presents an alternative, systemic approach to branchless banking in which there is no need for a bank to have a contractual relationship with any of the retail outlets through which it is absorbing deposits or meeting liquidity needs of its customers.
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The Early Experience with Branchless Banking
April 1, 2008
This Focus Note presents CGAP's observations on its early experiences with branchless banking. It addresses each of the elements and players in the branchless banking delivery chain, including customers, financial service providers, agents, products, and technology platforms.
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Extending Financial Services with Banking Agents
April 1, 2008
This Brief provides a quick look at the growing use of banking agents to extend financial services to low-income and poor people.
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Regulating Transformational Branchless Banking
January 1, 2008
This Focus Note is based on assessments of policy and regulation in seven key countries. Current regulation tends to be both over- and underprotective, and policy will determine not only where branchless banking is allowed, but also which business models turn out to make economic sense -- and how far they will go in reaching poor people.
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Use of Agents in Branchless Banking for the Poor
October 1, 2006
This Focus Note examines the experience of five pioneering countries -- Brazil, India, South Africa, the Philippines, and Kenya -- where agent-assisted branchless banking that targets poor customers is already a reality. It introduces the main issues involved in regulating branchless banking, particularly regarding the use of retail agents.
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Using Technology to Build Inclusive Financial Systems
January 1, 2006
Some of the innovations commercial banks need to service poor clients may be found in information and communications technologies. This Focus Note addresses the following questions: Can banking technologies, applied innovatively in developing countries, make microfinance profitable for formal financial institutions? Will they reduce costs to such an extent that banks could profitably serve even those whom MFIs have mostly excluded to date, such as very poor and remote rural customers? Will these customers be comfortable using technology?
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